Lungs
Plate207
InnervationofTracheobronchialTree:Schema
From hypothalamic
and higher centers
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Descending tracts
in spinal cord
Thoracic
spinal cord
Vagus nerve (X)
(cholinergic; efferent to smooth
muscle and glands; afferent
from aorta, tracheobronchial
mucosa, and alveoli)
Afferent nerves from
nose and sinuses (via
trigeminal [V] and
glossopharyngeal [IX]
nerves) may also initiate
reflexes in airways
Superior cervical
sympathetic ganglion
Sympathetic nerves
(adrenergic)
Carotid sinus
Carotid body
Common
carotid
artery
Superior
laryngeal
nerve
Larynx
Arch of
aorta
Left recurrent
laryngeal
nerve
Cough
receptors
Cough receptors
Irritant receptors
Pulmonary plexus
Sympathetic trunk
Stretch receptors (Hering-Breuer reflex)
Parasympathetic fibers
Sympathetic fibers
Afferent fibers
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
Inferior ganglia
